kjhp Korean Journal of Health Promotion Korean J Health Promot 2234-2141 2093-5676 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 10.15384/kjhp.2018.18.4.147 kjhp-18-147 Original Article The Effect of Emotional Experiences on Biological Aging PaikSeo Chae KimJong Sung Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea ￭ Corresponding author: Jong Sung Kim, MD, PhD Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea Tel: +82-42-280-7548, Fax: +82-42-280-7879 E-mail: jskim@cnuh.co.kr 01 2018 10 01 2018 18 4 147 158 29082018 20122018 21122018 Copyright © 2018 The Korean Society of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2018 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background

This study was designed to investigate the effects of usual negative emotional experiences on biological aging progression of human.

 Methods

A total of 237 subjects who visited the Health Promotion Center at Chungnam National University Hospital from May 2013 through September 2013 was enrolled. Each subject had been drawn up a structured questionnaire about usual experiences of depression, anxiety, anger, and anger expression. The degree of biological aging progression of each subject was computed by a specific formula which consisted of chronological age and biological age reflecting obesity and aging of main organs.

 Results

Trait anger and low education level showed the significant correlations with biological aging (r=0.160, P=0.014, and r=-0.189, P=0.024, respectively). Trait anger and low education level solely displayed the significant R2s for biological aging in consequence of multivariate analyses; R2=0.044, P=0.020, and R2=0.022, P=0.038, respectively.

 Conclusions

This study suggests that the significant relationship between usual anger experience (i.e., trait anger) and biological aging would be present. In addition, lower education level may be related with biological aging.

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General characteristics and emotional experiences

Characteristic Value
Sex  
   Male 126 (53.2)
   Female 111 (46.8)
Age, y 52.8±10.8
BMI 24.0±3.3
Education level  
   <Elementary school 3 (1.3)
   Elementary school 26 (11.0)
   Middle school 36 (15.2)
   High school 58 (24.5)
   ≥College or university 114 (48.1)
Monthly household gross income (106 won)  
   <1 27 (11.4)
   1≤ N <3 63 (26.6)
   3≤ N <5 69 (29.1)
   ≥5 78 (32.9)
Faith level  
   No or little 88 (37.1)
   A little 72 (30.4)
   Moderate 25 (10.5)
   A lot 24 (10.1)
Smoking  
   Non-smoker 146 (61.6)
   Past smoker 46 (19.4)
   Present smoker 45 (19.0)
Weekly exercise, min 92.9±138.4
Weekly alcohol use (standard drinka) 5.3±11.0
Family function index 6.4±2.4
Trait depression 20.7±5.2
Trait anxiety 41.3±9.5
Trait anger 19.9±5.3
Anger expression 48.1±7.1

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index. Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.

A standard drink=alcohol 14 g.

The relationships among general characteristics, emotional experiences, and biological aginga

Variable r P
Age –0.054 0.404
Education levelb –0.189 0.024
Monthly household gross incomeb –0.123 0.424
Faith levelb 0.018 0.612
Weekly exercise –0.110 0.066
Weekly alcohol use –0.005 0.944
Family function index 0.024 0.711
Trait depression –0.026 0.689
Trait anxiety 0.053 0.414
Trait anger 0.160 0.014
Anger expression 0.015 0.816

All variables were calculated by Pearson correlation analyses.

Biological aging (%)={(biological age-chronological age)/chrono-logical age}×100.

Converted into dummy variables.

Subgroup analysis on relationships among general characteristics, emotional experiences and biological aginga

Variable r P
Education levelb –0.189 0.024
  Sex    
   Male –0.152 0.101
   Female –0.143 0.120
  Age   0.072
   30's –0.121 0.470
   40's 0.014 0.929
   50's –0.290 0.010
   60's 0.089 0.468
   70's – –
Trait angerb 0.160 0.014
  Sex    
   Male 0.152 0.101
   Female 0.133 0.146
  Age    
   30's 0.383 0.018
   40's 0.128 0.409
   50's 0.174 0.130
   60's –0.067 0.583
   70's 0.404 0.281

Biological aging (%)={(biological age-chronological age)/chrono-logical age}×100.

Calculated by Pearson correlation analyses.

Coefficients of determination of general characteristics and emotional experiences for the biological aginga

Predictor R2 ΔR2 Adjusted R2 β Standard error Beta P
Modelb 0.206c 0.043c 0.034c        
  Trait anger 0.044d – d 0.017d 0.168e 0.075e 0.198e 0.020e
  Education level 0.066d 0.022d 0.028d –0.588e 0.277e –0.164e 0.038e

Biological aging (%)={(biological age-chronological age)/chronological age}×100.

Model was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, monthly household gross income, faith level, smoking, weekly exercise, and weekly alcohol use.

R2, ΔR2, and adjusted R2 were calculated using multiple stepwise linear regression analysis.

R2, ΔR2, and adjusted R2 were calculated using simple linear regression analysis.

Data were calculated using multiple stepwise linear regression analysis.